I have an article on my site that answers all of these questions, but it would be blatant advertising for me to link you to it now. :lol:
A 5 stage unit is pretty common. 1 sediment, dual carbons - these trap the big stuff and protect the membrane from chlorine damage. The membrane is next, and then it passes through a final DI to polish out the last of the total dissolved solids.
Some people like to have tiny micron filters, but I don't agree. If it is super fine (1 micron or less) it is more likely to clog up sooner and require more frequent filter changes. If you don't care nor mind that, then go for it. I've been using 5 micron sediment filters, so anything under 5 micron gets through. I've been doing that for nearly 6 years without issue. I make a lot of water every month, and my filters last me about 5 months.
I always have 15g of RO/DI water stored, which is used every three days to replenish my top off reservoir.